Substrate Guide

Why Substrate Matters

Substrate affects water chemistry, plant growth, fish health, and maintenance. The right choice can make or break your tank.

Types

Inert Gravel

Most common. Doesn't affect water chemistry. 2-5mm grain, 2-3cm depth. ₹200-500/5kg. Rinse thoroughly before use.

Pool Filter Sand

Budget-friendly. Fine, uniform, inert. ₹100-200/20kg at hardware stores. Great for bottom dwellers.

Plant Soil / Aquasoil

Nutrient-rich. Lowers pH/KH. Brands: ADA Amazonia, Fluval Stratum, Tropica Soil. ₹1,500-5,000/9L. Replace every 1-2 years.

Calcium-based (Crushed Coral, Aragonite)

Raises KH/GH/pH. For African cichlids and livebearers only.

How Much?

• Foreground: 2-3cm
• Midground: 3-5cm
• Background: 5-8cm (sloped higher for depth)

60cm tank: ~5-8 kg. 120cm tank: ~15-25 kg.

Maintenance

• Gravel: Vacuum during water changes
• Sand: Hover vacuum above surface (sand is light!)
• Soil: Gentle siphoning only — granules break down

Pro Tip: For most beginners, dark gravel or pool filter sand is the best choice. Easy, affordable, and doesn't affect water chemistry. Add root tabs for plants.