Assorted Discus Mid-size

Overview

The Discus (Symphysodon spp.) is the "King of the Aquarium" — a large, disc-shaped cichlid prized for its vibrant colours and graceful swimming. Considered an expert-level species requiring stable, warm, soft, acidic water and excellent husbandry. Available in many selectively bred colour strains.

Water Parameters

• Temperature: 28–32°C (82–90°F); they need warmth — below 26°C invites disease
• pH: 5.0–6.5 (strongly prefers acidic)
• Hardness: 1–5 dGH (very soft essential)
• Ammonia/Nitrite: 0 ppm — extremely sensitive to nitrogen cycle issues
• Note: Daily water changes of 25–50% are standard practice for serious keepers

Tank Setup

• Minimum tank size: 250 litres for 6+ (they are social and must be kept in groups)
• Substrate: Bare bottom or dark sand (bare bottom easier for hygiene)
• Decor: Minimal; driftwood, large-leaved plants (they uproot plants); open swimming space
• Flow: Gentle; they are weak swimmers
• Filtration: Excellent biological filtration; sponge filters preferred (gentle flow)

Diet

• Base: High-quality discus pellets (e.g., Hikari, New Life Spectrum)
• Treats: Frozen bloodworms, beef heart mix, tubifex, brine shrimp
• Frequency: 3–4 small meals daily (they are constant grazers)
• Note: Varied diet essential; colour-enhancing foods recommended

Temperament & Tank Mates

• Temperament: Peaceful; social hierarchy within group
• Best companions: Corydoras, small peaceful tetras (Cardinal, Rummy Nose), ram cichlids, otocinclus
• Avoid: Boisterous fish, aggressive cichlids, fast swimmers, temperature-sensitive species
• Note: They are shy and easily stressed by aggressive tank mates

Breeding

• Difficulty: Moderate to difficult; requires stable, very soft, acidic water
• Process: Pair bonds form; lay eggs on vertical surfaces (filter pipes, leaves); both parents guard
• Fry: Feed on parent's body mucus ("discus milk") initially; then introduce baby brine shrimp

Common Issues

• Extremely sensitive to water quality — regular monitoring essential
• Prone to hole-in-the-head, hexamita, bacterial infections when stressed
• Temperature drops below 26°C invite disease outbreaks
• Expensive — invest in proper heating and filtration from the start
• Lifespan: 10–15 years with excellent care