Copper Oscar Mid-size

Overview

The Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is a large, intelligent cichlid known for its "puppy dog" personality — it recognizes owners, can be hand-fed, and develops genuine bonds. Available in many colour forms (Tiger, Red, Albino, Copper, etc.). Requires a very large aquarium.

Water Parameters

• Temperature: 23–28°C (73–82°F)
• pH: 6.0–7.5
• Hardness: 5–15 dGH

Tank Setup

• Minimum tank size: 450 litres for one; 700+ litres for a pair
• Substrate: Sand or fine gravel (they dig and rearrange substrate)
• Decor: Sturdy driftwood and rocks (they will move lightweight decorations)
• Filtration: Oversized — they are extremely messy eaters and produce heavy bioload
• Note: They grow to 25–35 cm; plan for adult size from the start

Diet

• Base: High-quality cichlid pellets (Hikari, New Life Spectrum)
• Treats: Frozen bloodworms, krill, earthworms, feeder fish (sparingly — disease risk)
• Frequency: 1–2 meals daily; adults can fast for days without harm

Temperament & Tank Mates

• Temperament: Semi-aggressive; predatory — will eat anything that fits in their mouth
• Best companions: Other large cichlids of similar size, large catfish, large plecos
• Avoid: Small fish, small invertebrates, slow long-finned fish — all will be eaten
• Note: Best kept as a pair or with very robust, large tank mates

Breeding

• Difficulty: Easy; they breed readily in warm, clean water
• Process: Pair bonds form; lay eggs on flat surfaces; both parents aggressively guard
• Note: Parents become extremely aggressive during breeding — remove other fish

Common Issues

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• They are jumpers — tight-fitting lid essential
• Very messy; excellent filtration and frequent water changes required
• Prone to hole-in-the-head, hexamita in poor water quality
• Can live 15–20+ years — consider the long-term commitment
• Not suitable for community tanks — they eat everything